The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.